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Dev Tools

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Education

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Entertainment

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Finance

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Gaming

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Shopping

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Documentation

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Tools and Plugins

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Support

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Resources

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Events and Webinars

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Video Channel

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Newsletter

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M304 0h-224c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v384c0 35.35 28.65 64 64 64h224c35.35 0 64-28.65 64-64V64C368 28.65 339.3 0 304 0zM320 448c0 8.822-7.178 16-16 16h-224C71.18 464 64 456.8 64 448V64c0-8.822 7.178-16 16-16h224C312.8 48 320 55.18 320 64V448zM192 392c-13.25 0-24 10.74-24 24c0 13.25 10.75 24 24 24s24-10.75 24-24C216 402.7 205.3 392 192 392z

Mac & iOS App Development

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DevOps

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Apple Workspaces

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Platform Service Providers

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Hybrid and Multicloud

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Startups

Orka Enterprise

Orka Small Teams

Orka on AWS

macOS VMs for DevOps

Orka Platform

Orka Workspace

Cloud Access

Cloud-hosted macOS resources

Mac Remote Desktops

Mac mini, Mac Pro, configurations

Bare Metal

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Orka 2.0 has arrived and with it Orka support for Apple Silicon. This new functionality allows you to deploy Orka VMs on Apple Silicon hosts and gain all advantages that come with this platform.

The Orka on Apple Silicon architecture differs a lot from Orka on Intel. The latter runs VMs in a container on a Mac host running Fedora CoreOS.

The former takes advantage of the native macOS virtualization framework and runs the VMs directly on a Mac host running macOS. This provides greater performance compared to the VMs running on Intel hosts.

Because the Orka on Apple Silicon architecture is completely different from Orka on Intel, there cannot be a 1:1 feature parity between both. 

Some features like IO Boost and GPU pass-through come out of the box on Apple Silicon hosts. 

Other functionalities such as Image Resize are currently not supported by Apple Silicon, and different functionality needs to be implemented to solve the problem that Image Resize is solving on Intel-based hosts.

Orka on Apple Silicon Beta comes with all the functionality needed to run a CI/CD workflow. You can:

Connect to that VM via SSH or ScreenShare

Create a VM config (template) from that image

Use the VM config in a CI/CD tool - Jenkins, GitLab, GitHub, BuildKite

Note, the Beta functionality is not limited to these features only. You can check all available features in the Orka documentation.

When it comes to performance, Orka on Apple Silicon significantly outperforms Intel-based hosts in synthetic and build benchmarking runs. A separate blog post that covers this in deeper detail will be published soon.

Performance increases are not limited to CPU, Memory, Disk IO or build times only. Rather, there are significant performance improvements in both VM deployment time and VM boot time as well.

Due to the new architecture, VM images need to be on the host for a VM to run. In other words, the image needs to be copied to the host during deployment. 

This means that the initial deployment of a VM using a specific image is slower. It can take up to 5 minutes. However, Orka caches the base image on the host, so all other deployments that use the same image to that host are almost instantaneous (about 4 seconds). This is twice as fast as Intel VM deployments, which take about 8 seconds.

As mentioned above, Orka on Apple Silicon takes advantage of the native macOS virtualization framework. Because of that, VM boot time decreases significantly. VMs on Intel nodes take about 30 seconds to boot and for SSH to be available. Together with the 8 second deployment time, this means that it takes roughly 38 seconds for an Intel VM to be usable.

Apple Silicon VMs, on the other hand, boot for 3-4 seconds. Including the deployment time it takes 8 seconds for an Apple Silicon VM to be usable. This is already a 30 seconds improvement to build times from an automated CI/CD system that spins up VMs on demand.

Currently, only two VMs can be deployed per Apple Silicon node

Apple Silicon VMs can only run macOS Monterey

In addition, features like Shared Attached Disk and Custom Port Mappings are still being developed and will be released in a future version of Orka.

If you are interested in Orka on Apple Silicon, request access to the Beta functionality here. 

Orka 2.0 supports Apple Silicon! Learn about exciting new features this unlocks, and how Orka 2.0 compares to previous releases in this post.

While CI/CD may have been a term thrown around without much thought in the past, it is absolutely essential for every software organization today.

CI/CD best practices enable you and your team to experiment, and perhaps most importantly, quickly detect and fix problems with your builds. It’s imperative to detect these issues quickly because the sooner a problem is found, the cheaper it is to fix.

And at the forefront of any CI/CD pipeline is the most important characteristic: performance. The faster a pipeline executes, the sooner potential issues are found.

In the upcoming Orka release, we’ve improved write IO operations within a range of 40% - 500% depending on the use case (and as each use case is unique, to talk to a sales engineer about your builds on Orka).

Before we cover the different tests we ran to gauge the performance, let’s talk about what we did to achieve this improvement.

To achieve better write IO performance, we began using paravirtualized IO drivers. Paravirtualized (PV) drivers are optimized to be used within a VM. In fact, they "know" they're running inside a VM and can make better decisions compared to standard drivers.

Using paravirtualized drivers comes at a cost. Those PV drivers need to be supported by the underlying OS, and macOS added support for PV drivers in a later Mojave version: 10.14.4. Running macOS 10.14.4 or later allows you to take advantage of those drivers, but running macOS 10.14.3 won’t work.

For benchmarking, we used synthetic tests. These tests simulate a particular type of workload on a component, in our case, on IO.

To compare Orka's performance with and without paravirtualized drivers, we use a tool called fio. fio allows running various IO benchmarking tests. We’ll focus on one of them:

fio --name=randwrite --readwrite=randwrite --size=10G --direct=1 --iodepth=32 --end_fsync=1

readwrite - This is the IO operation to be used. In our case, we’re doing random writes.

size - The dataset size. We’re writing to a 10GB file.

direct - Use non-buffered IO. It allows bypassing the host cache ensuring we are testing the actual IO.

end_fsync - Flush the dirty data to the disk before completing the run.

We’re looking at the number of IO operations per second (IOPS). The higher the number, the better the performance.

Running that command on a VM with standard drivers results in IOPS=5270. Running the same command on a VM with paravirtualized drivers results in IOPS=13500. The difference? 156% performance increase.

The physical host used for the test run is a 3.5GHz 6-core 2013 Mac Pro.

What does this mean for CI/CD pipeline performance?

One question you’re no doubt asking is: Do builds get faster? It depends.

IO write operations are significantly faster. If a build has a lot of those, performance improvements are expected. However, if a build rarely does write operations, not much will change. According to our tests build improvement varies from 0% to 7% depending on the build.

How can you use the paravirtualized drivers in Orka?

The upcoming Orka version uses the standard drivers by default. Why? We want everyone to be able to get familiar with the new functionality before enabling it by default.

In addition to that, all existing VM configs continue to use the standard drivers. To use the paravirtualized drivers, you need to create a new VM config running macOS 10.14.4 or higher with the io-boost flag:

orka vm create-config -v <name> -b <base_image> -c <cpu_count> -C <vcpu_count> --io-boost true -y</vcpu_count></cpu_count></base_image></name>

If you want to create a new VM config running macOS 10.14.3 or older, then you need to set io-boost to false:

orka vm create-config -v <name> -b <base_image> -c <cpu_count> -C <vcpu_count> --io-boost false -y</vcpu_count></cpu_count></base_image></name>

With the upcoming Orka release, we’re introducing performance improvements for builds that use IO write operations heavily. These improvements are available for newer macOS versions - 10.14.4 or higher, and depending on your use case, can help greatly with performance.

Get notified when this release is publicly available by signing up to our Orka Product Updates email list. Haven’t tried Orka yet? Get access to the free demo environment for two hours and try Orka today.

CI/CD is a vital part of every software organization nowadays, and performance is always at the forefront. With Orka’s upcoming release, performance has improved with write IO functions. Find out how.

MacStadium Blog

Ivan Spasov

Orka on Apple Silicon Beta

Orka Write IO Performance Improvements